Injinan StepperAna iya amfani da shi don sarrafa gudu da sarrafa matsayi ba tare da amfani da na'urorin amsawa ba (watau sarrafa madauki na buɗewa), don haka wannan mafita ta tuƙi tana da araha kuma abin dogaro. A cikin kayan aiki na atomatik, kayan aiki, an yi amfani da tuƙin stepper sosai. Amma yawancin masu amfani da ma'aikatan fasaha kan yadda za su zaɓi motar stepper da ta dace, yadda za a yi mafi kyawun aikin tuƙin stepper ko kuma samun ƙarin tambayoyi. Wannan takarda ta tattauna zaɓin injinan stepper, tana mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen wasu ƙwarewar injiniyan motar stepper, ina fatan cewa yaɗuwar injinan stepper a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa kansa don taka rawa a cikin tunani.
1, Gabatarwarmotar stepper
Ana kuma san motar stepper a matsayin motar bugun jini ko motar mataki. Tana ci gaba da wani kusurwa duk lokacin da aka canza yanayin motsawa bisa ga siginar bugun jini, kuma tana tsayawa a wani matsayi lokacin da yanayin motsawa ya kasance ba a canza shi ba. Wannan yana bawa motar stepper damar canza siginar bugun jini zuwa canjin kusurwa mai dacewa don fitarwa. Ta hanyar sarrafa adadin bugun shigarwa za ku iya tantance canjin kusurwa na fitarwa daidai don cimma mafi kyawun matsayi; kuma ta hanyar sarrafa mitar bugun shigarwa za ku iya sarrafa saurin kusurwa na fitarwa daidai kuma ku cimma manufar daidaita saurin. A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, an samar da nau'ikan injin stepper masu amfani, kuma shekaru 40 da suka gabata sun ga ci gaba mai sauri. Motocin stepper sun sami damar yin injin DC, injinan asynchronous, da kuma injinan synchronous tare da su, suna zama nau'in injin asali. Akwai nau'ikan injin stepper guda uku: reactive (nau'in VR), magnet na dindindin (nau'in PM) da hybrid (nau'in HB). Motar stepper ta hybrid ta haɗu da fa'idodin nau'ikan motar stepper guda biyu na farko. Motar stepper ta ƙunshi rotor (ƙarar rotor, maganadisu na dindindin, shaft, bearings na ball), stator (naɗewa, core stator), murfi na gaba da na baya, da sauransu. Motar stepper ta zamani mai matakai biyu tana da stator mai manyan haƙora 8, ƙananan haƙora 40 da rotor mai ƙananan haƙora 50; injin mai matakai uku yana da stator mai manyan haƙora 9, ƙananan haƙora 45 da rotor mai ƙananan haƙora 50
2, Ka'idar sarrafawa
Themotar stepperBa za a iya haɗa shi kai tsaye da wutar lantarki ba, kuma ba za a iya karɓar siginar bugun lantarki kai tsaye ba, dole ne a same shi ta hanyar wani tsari na musamman - direban motar stepper don yin hulɗa da wutar lantarki da mai sarrafawa. Direban motar stepper gabaɗaya yana ƙunshe da mai rarraba zobe, da kuma da'irar amplifier mai ƙarfi. Mai raba zobe yana karɓar siginar sarrafawa daga mai sarrafawa. Duk lokacin da aka karɓi siginar bugun jini, ana canza fitowar mai raba zobe sau ɗaya, don haka kasancewar ko rashinsa da mitar siginar bugun jini na iya tantance ko saurin motar stepper yana da girma ko ƙasa, yana hanzarta ko rage gudu don farawa ko tsayawa. Mai rarraba zobe kuma dole ne ya sa ido kan siginar alkibla daga mai sarrafawa don tantance ko sauye-sauyen yanayin fitarwa yana cikin tsari mai kyau ko mara kyau, don haka tantance sitiyarin motar stepper.
3, Babban sigogi
①Lambar toshewa: galibi 20, 28, 35, 42, 57, 60, 86, da sauransu.
②Lambar Mataki: adadin na'urori a cikin motar stepper, lambar matakin motar stepper gabaɗaya tana da matakai biyu, matakai uku, da matakai biyar. China tana amfani da injin stepper mai matakai biyu galibi, matakai uku kuma tana da wasu aikace-aikace. Japan galibi ana amfani da injin stepper mai matakai biyar
③Kusurwar mataki: daidai da siginar bugun jini, canjin kusurwa na juyawar rotor na motar. Tsarin lissafin kusurwar mataki na motar stepper kamar haka
Kusurwar matakai = 360° ÷ (2mz)
m yawan matakai na motar stepper
Z adadin haƙoran na'urar juyawa ta injin stepper.
Bisa ga dabarar da ke sama, kusurwar mataki na injunan stepper guda biyu, matakai uku da matakai biyar shine 1.8°, 1,2° da 0.72° bi da bi.
④ Riƙe ƙarfin juyi: shine ƙarfin juyi na stator na motar ta hanyar wutar lantarki mai ƙima, amma rotor baya juyawa, stator yana kulle rotor. Riƙe ƙarfin juyi shine mafi mahimmancin ma'auni na injunan stepper, kuma shine babban tushen zaɓin injin
⑤ Matsayin karfin juyi: shine karfin juyi da ake buƙata don juya rotor da ƙarfin waje lokacin da motar ba ta wuce wutar lantarki ba. Karfin juyi yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun aiki don kimanta motar, idan aka yi la'akari da wasu sigogi iri ɗaya ne, ƙaramin karfin juyi yana nufin cewa "tasirin rami" ya ƙanƙanta, mafi amfani ga santsi na motar yana gudana a ƙananan saurin halayen mitar karfin juyi: galibi yana nufin halayen mitar karfin juyi da aka zana, aikin da aka daidaita na motar a wani takamaiman gudu zai iya jure matsakaicin karfin juyi ba tare da rasa mataki ba. Ana amfani da lanƙwasa na lokaci-lokaci don bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin matsakaicin karfin juyi da sauri (mita) ba tare da asarar mataki ba. Lanƙwasa na mitar karfin juyi muhimmin siga ne na motar stepper kuma shine babban tushe don zaɓin motar.
⑥ Rated current: da motor nadawa current da ake bukata don kula da rated torque, da tasiri darajar
4. Zaɓar maki
Aikace-aikacen masana'antu da ake amfani da su a cikin saurin motar stepper har zuwa 600 ~ 1500rpm, mafi girma gudu, zaku iya la'akari da tsarin tuƙin stepper mai rufewa, ko zaɓi matakan zaɓin motar stepper mai dacewa (duba hoton da ke ƙasa).
(1) Zaɓin kusurwar matakai
Dangane da adadin matakan motar, akwai nau'ikan kusurwar matakai guda uku: 1.8° (mataki biyu), 1.2° (mataki uku), 0.72° (mataki biyar). Tabbas, kusurwar matakai biyar tana da mafi girman daidaito amma motarta da direbanta sun fi tsada, don haka ba kasafai ake amfani da ita a China ba. Bugu da ƙari, manyan direbobin stepper yanzu suna amfani da fasahar tuƙin ƙananan sassa, a cikin sashe 4 da ke ƙasa, har yanzu ana iya tabbatar da daidaiton kusurwar matakai na ƙananan sassa, don haka idan alamun daidaiton kusurwar matakai kaɗai daga la'akari, ana iya maye gurbin motar stepper mai matakai biyar da motar stepper mai matakai biyu ko uku. Misali, a cikin amfani da wani nau'in gubar don nauyin sukurori na 5mm, idan aka yi amfani da injin matattakala mai matakai biyu kuma aka saita direban a cikin sassa 4, adadin bugun jini a kowace juyawar motar shine 200 x 4 = 800, kuma daidai bugun jini shine 5 ÷ 800 = 0.00625mm = 6.25μm, wannan daidaiton zai iya cika yawancin buƙatun aikace-aikacen.
(2) Zaɓin ƙarfin juyi mai tsauri (riƙewa)
Hanyoyin watsa kaya da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da bel ɗin haɗin gwiwa, sandunan filament, rack da pinion, da sauransu. Abokan ciniki da farko suna ƙididdige nauyin injin su (galibi ƙarfin hanzari da ƙarfin gogayya) wanda aka canza zuwa ƙarfin nauyi da ake buƙata akan shaft ɗin motar. Sannan, bisa ga matsakaicin saurin gudu da furannin lantarki ke buƙata, waɗannan sharuɗɗan amfani guda biyu daban-daban don zaɓar ƙarfin riƙewa da ya dace na motar stepper ① don amfani da saurin motar da ake buƙata na 300pm ko ƙasa da haka: idan an canza nauyin injin zuwa shaft ɗin motar da ake buƙata ƙarfin nauyi T1, to wannan ƙarfin nauyi ana ninka shi da factor SF (galibi ana ɗaukarsa azaman 1.5-2.0), wato, ƙarfin riƙewa da ake buƙata na motar stepper Tn ②2 don Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin mota na 300pm ko fiye: saita matsakaicin gudun Nmax, idan an canza nauyin injin zuwa shaft ɗin motar, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da ake buƙata shine T1, to wannan ƙarfin nauyi ana ninka shi da factor SF (yawanci 2.5-3.5), wanda ke ba da ƙarfin riƙewa Tn. Duba Hoto na 4 kuma zaɓi samfurin da ya dace. Sannan yi amfani da lanƙwasa na mitar lokaci don dubawa da kwatantawa: akan lanƙwasa na mitar lokaci, matsakaicin saurin Nmax da mai amfani ke buƙata ya yi daidai da matsakaicin ƙarfin matakin da aka rasa na T2, to matsakaicin ƙarfin matakin da aka rasa na T2 ya kamata ya fi girma fiye da 20% fiye da T1. In ba haka ba, ya zama dole a zaɓi sabon injin da ke da babban ƙarfin lokaci, kuma a duba kuma a sake kwatanta shi bisa ga lanƙwasa na mitar sabon injin da aka zaɓa.
(3) Girman lambar tushe na motar, girman ƙarfin riƙewa.
(4) bisa ga ƙimar wutar lantarki don zaɓar direban stepper mai dacewa.
Misali, ƙimar wutar lantarki ta injin 57CM23 ita ce 5A, to za ku daidaita matsakaicin wutar lantarki da aka yarda da ita ta injin fiye da 5A (a lura cewa ita ce ƙimar inganci maimakon kololuwar), in ba haka ba idan kun zaɓi matsakaicin wutar lantarki ta injin 3A kawai, matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa na injin zai iya zama kusan kashi 60% kawai!
5, ƙwarewar aikace-aikace
(1) matsalar ƙararrawa ta ƙarancin mitoci ta motar stepper
Tuƙin stepper na ƙananan sassa hanya ce mai inganci don rage ƙarancin mitar sauti na injinan stepper. Ƙasa da 150rpm, tuƙin sub-sashe yana da tasiri sosai wajen rage girgizar motar. A ka'ida, girman ɓangaren, mafi kyawun tasirin rage girgizar motar stepper, amma ainihin yanayin shine ɓangaren sub-sashe yana ƙaruwa zuwa 8 ko 16 bayan ingantaccen tasirin rage girgizar motar stepper ya kai matuƙa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami direbobin stepper masu rage yawan mitar rediyo a gida da waje, kamar su Leisai's DM, DM-S, da fasahar rage yawan mitar rediyo a cikin gida. Wannan jerin direbobin yana amfani da diyya mai kama da sauti, ta hanyar diyya mai kama da sauti da kuma matakin daidaitawa, wanda zai iya rage yawan girgizar motar stepper sosai, don cimma ƙarancin girgiza da ƙarancin amo na motar.
(2) Tasirin ɓangaren injin stepper akan daidaiton matsayi
Da'irar tuƙi ta ɓangaren injin stepper ba wai kawai za ta iya inganta santsi na motsi na na'urar ba, har ma za ta iya inganta daidaiton wurin da kayan aikin ke tafiya yadda ya kamata. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa: A cikin dandamalin motsi na bel ɗin synchronous, ɓangaren stepper motor 4, ana iya sanya motar daidai a kowane mataki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-11-2023