A matsayin mai kunna wutar lantarki,motar stepperyana ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran injinan lantarki, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsarin sarrafa atomatik daban-daban. Tare da haɓaka ƙananan na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki da fasahar kwamfuta, buƙatar injinan stepper yana ƙaruwa kowace rana, kuma ana amfani da su a fannoni daban-daban na tattalin arziki na ƙasa.
01 Menene amotar stepper
Motar Stepper na'ura ce ta lantarki wadda ke canza bugun lantarki kai tsaye zuwa motsi na inji. Ta hanyar sarrafa jerin, mita da adadin bugun lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a kan na'urar, ana iya sarrafa sitiyarin motar stepper, saurin gudu da kusurwar juyawa. Ba tare da amfani da tsarin kula da martani mai rufewa tare da fahimtar matsayi ba, ana iya cimma daidaiton matsayi da sarrafa gudu ta amfani da tsarin sarrafawa mai sauƙi, mai araha wanda ya ƙunshi motar stepper da direban da ke tare da ita.
02 motar steppertsarin asali da ƙa'idar aiki
Tsarin asali:
Ka'idar Aiki: direban motar stepper bisa ga bugun jini na waje da siginar alkibla, ta hanyar da'irar dabaru ta ciki, sarrafa naɗewar motar stepper a cikin wani tsari na lokaci gaba ko baya, don haka motar ta ci gaba / juyawa baya, ko kullewa.
Misali, ɗauki injin stepper mai matakai biyu mai digiri 1.8: lokacin da aka kunna dukkan na'urorin da ke juyawa da kuma motsawa, shaft ɗin fitarwa na motar zai kasance a tsaye kuma a kulle a wurinsa. Matsakaicin ƙarfin juyi da zai riƙe motar a kulle a kan wutar lantarki mai ƙima shine ƙarfin juyi mai riƙewa. Idan aka juya wutar lantarki a ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin, motar za ta juya mataki ɗaya (digiri 1.8) a cikin wata hanya da aka bayar.
Hakazalika, idan wutar da ke cikin ɗayan na'urar juyawa ta canza alkibla, motar za ta juya mataki ɗaya (digiri 1.8) a akasin alkiblar ta farko. Lokacin da aka mayar da wutar da ke cikin na'urar juyawa ta hanyar na'urar juyawa zuwa ga motsawa, motar za ta juya a cikin mataki mai ci gaba a cikin alkiblar da aka bayar tare da daidaito sosai. Don digiri 1.8 na juyawar motar matakai biyu na mako guda yana ɗaukar matakai 200.
Motocin stepper guda biyu suna da nau'ikan windings guda biyu: bipolar da unipolar. Motocin bipolar suna da coil ɗaya kawai a kowane mataki, juyawar injin ci gaba da gudana a cikin coil ɗaya don zama abin motsawa mai canzawa a jere, ƙirar da'irar tuƙi tana buƙatar maɓallan lantarki guda takwas don sauyawa a jere.
Injinan Unipolar suna da coils guda biyu masu lanƙwasawa a kowane mataki, kuma injin yana da coils masu lanƙwasawa biyu a kowane mataki.
yana juyawa akai-akai ta hanyar kunna na'urorin juyawa guda biyu a lokaci guda.
An tsara da'irar tuƙi don buƙatar maɓallan lantarki guda huɗu kawai.
yanayin tuƙi, ƙarfin fitarwa na motar yana ƙaruwa da kusan kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da
Yanayin tuƙi na unipolar saboda muryoyin lanƙwasa na kowane mataki suna da 100% na farin ciki.
03, Nauyin motar Stepper
A. Load na lokacin (Tf)
Tf = G * r
G: Nauyin kaya
r: radius
B. Nauyin Inertia (TJ)
TJ = J * dw/dt
J = M * (R12+R22) / 2 (Kg * cm)
M: Nauyin kaya
R1: Radius na zoben waje
R2: Radius na zoben ciki
dω/dt: Hanzarin kusurwa
04, lanƙwasa mai saurin gudu ta hanyar injin stepper
Lanƙwasa mai saurin gudu muhimmin bayani ne na halayen fitarwa na stepper
injina.
A. Matsayin mitar aiki na injin Stepper
Darajar saurin motar stepper a wani wuri.
n = q * Hz / (360 * D)
n: sake dubawa/sec
Hz: Darajar mita
D: Darajar haɗakar da'irar tuƙi
q: kusurwar matakin motar stepper
Misali, injin stepper mai kusurwar kusurwa ta 1.8°, tare da 1/2 interpolation drive(watau, 0.9° a kowane mataki), yana da saurin 1.25 r/s a mitar aiki ta 500 Hz.
B. Yankin kunna motar Stepper kai tsaye
Yankin da za a iya kunna motar stepper da kuma tsayawa kai tsaye.
C. Yankin aiki mai ci gaba
A wannan yanki, ba za a iya kunna ko dakatar da injin stepper kai tsaye ba.Dole ne wannan yanki ya fara wucewa ta yankin farawa kai tsaye sannan a hanzarta shi don isa ga inda zai fara.yankin aiki. Hakazalika, ba za a iya birki motar stepper a wannan yanki kai tsaye ba,in ba haka ba yana da sauƙi a sa motar stepper ta fita daga mataki, dole ne a fara rage gudu donyankin da ke farawa da kansa sannan ya yi birki.
D. Matsakaicin mitar farawa na injin stepper
Yanayin rashin kaya na motar, don tabbatar da cewa injin stepper bai rasa aikin mataki na motar bamatsakaicin mitar bugun jini.
E. Matsakaicin mitar aiki na injin Stepper
Matsakaicin mitocin bugun jini da injin ke sha'awar yin aiki ba tare da rasa mataki ɗaya bababu kaya a ƙarƙashin kaya.
F. Motar Stepper mai farawa / ƙarfin juyi
Don haɗuwa da injin stepper a cikin wani mitar bugun jini don farawa da fara aiki, ba tare darasa matakai na matsakaicin ƙarfin nauyi.
G. Motar Stepper tana aiki da karfin juyi/juyi mai juyi
Matsakaicin ƙarfin juyi wanda ya gamsar da aikin da aka yi na injin stepper awani mitar bugun jini ba tare da asarar mataki ba.
05 Gudanar da motsi na Stepper
Lokacin da mitar aiki na stepper motor ke nuna a cikin lanƙwasa mai saurin gudu na ci gabayankin aiki, yadda ake rage fara motar ko dakatar da hanzari ko raguwalokaci, don haka injin yana aiki na tsawon lokaci a cikin mafi kyawun yanayin gudu, ta haka yana ƙara yawan guduIngancin lokacin aiki na injin yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, lanƙwasa halayyar ƙarfin juyi na injin stepper shinelayi madaidaiciya a kwance a ƙaramin gudu; a babban gudu, lanƙwasa yana raguwa sosaisaboda tasirin inductance.
Mun san cewa nauyin motar stepper shine TL, idan muna son hanzarta daga F0 zuwa F1 a cikimafi ƙarancin lokaci (tr), ta yaya ake ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin lokaci tr?
(1) Yawanci, TJ = 70% Tm
(2) tr = 1.8 * 10 -5 * J * q * (F1-F0)/(TJ -TL)
(3) F (t) = (F1-F0) * t/tr + F0, 0
B. Haɓaka saurin magana a cikin yanayin saurin sauri mai girma
(1) A al'ada
TJ0 = 70%Tm0
TJ1 = 70%Tm1
TL = 60%Tm1
(2)
tr = F4 * A cikin [(TJ 0-TL)/(TJ 1-TL)]
(3)
F (t) = F2 * [1 - e^ (-t/F4)] + F0, 0
F2 = (TL-TJ 0) * (F1-F0)/TJ 1-TJ 0)
F4 = 1.8 * 10-5 * J * q * F2/ (TJ 0-TL)
Bayanan kula.
J yana nuna juyawar juyawar na'urar juyawar motar da ke ƙarƙashin kaya.
q shine kusurwar juyawa ta kowane mataki, wanda shine kusurwar matakin motar stepper a cikin
shari'ar dukkan drive ɗin.
A cikin aikin rage gudu, kawai juya mitar bugun hanzari da ke sama zai iya zama
an ƙididdige.
06 Girgizar motar stepper da hayaniya
Gabaɗaya, injin stepper ba ya aiki ba tare da kaya ba, lokacin da mitar aiki ta motar ta yi yawa,yana kusa ko daidai da mitar da ke cikin na'urar rotor ɗin motar zai yi tasiri, mai tsanani zai yi tasirifaruwa daga mataki.
Da dama mafita don resonance:
A. Guji yankin girgiza: don kada mitar aikin injin ta faɗi cikinkewayon girgiza
B. Ɗauki yanayin tuƙi na yanki: Yi amfani da yanayin tuƙi na mataki-mataki don rage girgiza ta
raba matakin farko zuwa matakai da yawa don ƙara ƙudurin kowanne
Matakan mota. Ana iya cimma wannan ta hanyar daidaita rabon lokaci zuwa na yanzu na motar.
Microstepping ba ya ƙara daidaiton kusurwar mataki, amma yana sa injin ya yi aiki sosai
santsi da ƙarancin hayaniya. Karfin juyi gabaɗaya yana ƙasa da kashi 15% don aikin rabin mataki.
fiye da aikin cikakken mataki, kuma ƙasa da kashi 30% don sarrafa halin yanzu na sine wave.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-09-2022