Me yasa ake buƙatar shigar da maɓalli a kan injina? Ta yaya encoders ke aiki?

1. Menene encoder

A lokacin aiki na aWorm gearbox N20 DC motor, sigogi irin su halin yanzu, gudun da matsayi na matsayi na kewayawa na juyawa na jujjuyawar jujjuyawar ana kula da su a cikin ainihin lokaci don sanin yanayin jikin motar da kayan aikin da ake jawowa, da kuma kula da yanayin aiki na motar da kayan aiki a cikin ainihin lokaci, don haka gane yawancin ayyuka na musamman irin su servo da tsarin saurin gudu. Anan, aikace-aikacen mai ɓoyewa azaman ɓangaren aunawa na gaba ba kawai yana sauƙaƙa tsarin aunawa ba, amma kuma daidai ne, abin dogaro da ƙarfi. Encoder shine firikwensin jujjuyawar da ke jujjuya adadin jiki na matsayi da matsuguni na sassan jujjuya zuwa jerin siginar bugun bugun dijital, waɗanda aka tattara da sarrafa su ta tsarin sarrafawa don ba da jerin umarni don daidaitawa da canza yanayin aiki na kayan aiki. Idan an haɗa encoder tare da sandar gear ko dunƙule dunƙule, ana iya amfani da ita don auna matsayi da matsuguni na sassa masu motsi na madaidaiciya.

2

Rarraba asali na encoder:

Encoder shine haɗin injina da lantarki kusa da na'urar auna madaidaici, siginar ko bayanai za a ɓoye, juyawa, don sadarwa, watsawa da adana bayanan sigina. Dangane da halaye daban-daban, an rarraba su kamar haka:

● Code disc da code sikelin. Rubutun da ke juyar da matsaya ta layi zuwa siginar lantarki ana kiranta sikelin lambar, kuma wanda ke juyar da ƙaura zuwa sadarwa shine faifan code.

● Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙididdiga. Yana ba da bayanai kamar matsayi, kwana da adadin juyi, kuma yana bayyana ma'auni ta adadin bugun jini a kowane juyi.

● Cikakken rikodin rikodin. Yana ba da bayanai kamar matsayi, kwana, da adadin juye-juye a cikin haɓaka na kusurwa, kuma kowane haɓaka na kusurwa an sanya shi lamba ta musamman.

● Hybrid cikakken encoder. Matakan cikakkar encoder yana fitar da nau'ikan bayanai guda biyu: ana amfani da saitin bayanai ɗaya don gano matsayin sandar sanda tare da cikakken aikin bayanai, ɗayan kuma daidai yake da bayanan fitarwa na incoder na haɓakawa.

Encoders da aka fi amfani da su a cikin motoci:

●Mai rikodin ƙara

Kai tsaye ta yin amfani da ka'idar juyawa ta photoelectric don fitar da nau'i uku na nau'i na nau'i na nau'i na nau'i na A, B da Z. Bambancin lokaci tsakanin nau'i biyu na bugun jini A da B shine 90o, don haka za'a iya yanke hukunci a sauƙaƙe; zangon Z shine bugun jini guda ɗaya a kowane juyin juya hali kuma ana amfani dashi don matsayi na matsayi. Abũbuwan amfãni: ƙa'ida mai sauƙi ginawa, matsakaicin rayuwar inji na iya wuce dubunnan sa'o'i, ƙarfin hana tsangwama mai ƙarfi, babban aminci, kuma ya dace da watsawa mai nisa. Hasara: rashin iya fitar da cikakken bayanin matsayi na jujjuyawar shaft.

● Cikakken rikodin rikodin

Akwai da yawa concentric code tashoshi tare da radial shugabanci a kan madauwari code farantin na firikwensin, kuma kowane tasha ya ƙunshi haske-watsawa da kuma ba-haske sassa sassa, da kuma adadin sassa na kusa code tashoshi ne ninki biyu, da kuma yawan code tashoshi a kan code farantin ne yawan binary lambobi. Lokacin da farantin lambar ya kasance a wurare daban-daban, kowane nau'in hoto yana canzawa zuwa siginar matakin daidai gwargwadon haske ko a'a, yana samar da lambar binary.

Irin wannan nau'in rikodin yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa ba a buƙatar counter kuma ana iya karanta ƙayyadadden lambar dijital da ta dace da matsayi a kowane matsayi na axis na juyawa. Babu shakka, ƙarin tashoshi masu lamba, mafi girman ƙuduri, kuma don mai rikodin tare da ƙudurin binary N-bit, faifan lambar dole ne ya sami tashoshin lambar N. A halin yanzu, akwai 16-bit cikakken encoder kayayyakin a kasar Sin.

3, ka'idar aiki na encoder

Ta hanyar faifan codeelectric code faifai tare da axis a tsakiyar, akwai madauwari pass da duhu rubutu Lines a kan shi, kuma akwai photoelectric watsawa da karɓar na'urorin don karanta shi, da kuma kungiyoyi hudu na sine wave siginar suna hade a cikin A, B, C da D. Kowane sine igiyar ruwa bambanta da 90 digiri bambanci (360 digiri dangane da wani kewaye da sigina da kuma Daukaka), da kuma B. zai iya haɓaka siginar barga; kuma ana fitar da wani bugun bugun lokaci na Z don kowane juyi don wakiltar matsayi na sifili.

Kamar yadda matakan biyu A da B suka bambanta da digiri 90, ana iya kwatanta ko kashi A yana gaba ko kuma lokaci B yana gaba don gane jujjuyawar mai rikodin gaba da jujjuyawar, kuma za'a iya samun sifiri na ma'aunin rikodin ta hanyar bugun sifili. Encoder code farantin kayan ne gilashin, karfe, filastik, gilashin code farantin da aka ajiye a kan gilashin bakin ciki kwarkwata line, ta thermal kwanciyar hankali ne mai kyau, high daidaici, karfe code farantin kai tsaye zuwa wucewa da kuma ba kwarzana line, ba m, amma saboda karfe yana da wani kauri, da daidaito yana da iyaka, ta thermal kwanciyar hankali ne wani tsari na girma mafi muni fiye da gilashin, da kwanciyar hankali code ne low tattalin arziki farantin, da daidaito farashin ne low.

Ƙaddamarwa - encoder don samar da nawa ta hanyar ko duhu zane a kowane digiri 360 na juyawa ana kiransa ƙuduri, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙaddamar da ƙuduri, ko kai tsaye nawa layukan, gabaɗaya a cikin layukan 5 ~ 10000 na kowane juyi.

4, Matsayin ma'auni da ka'idar kula da martani

Encoders sun mamaye matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin lif, kayan aikin injin, sarrafa kayan aiki, tsarin ra'ayoyin mota, da kuma aunawa da sarrafa kayan aiki. Encoder yana amfani da grating da tushen hasken infrared don canza siginar gani zuwa siginar lantarki na TTL (HTL) ta hanyar mai karɓa. Ta hanyar nazarin mita na matakin TTL da adadin manyan matakan, kusurwar juyawa da matsayi na juyawa na motar suna nunawa a gani.

Tunda ana iya auna kusurwa da matsayi daidai, za'a iya samar da encoder da inverter a cikin tsarin kula da rufaffiyar don tabbatar da kulawar da ya dace, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ana iya amfani da lif, kayan aikin inji, da dai sauransu daidai.

5, Takaice 

A taƙaice, mun fahimci cewa an raba maɓalli zuwa ƙarami da cikakku bisa ga tsarinsu, kuma dukkansu suna canza wasu sigina, kamar siginar gani, zuwa siginar lantarki waɗanda za a iya tantancewa da sarrafa su. Abubuwan haɓakawa na gama gari da kayan aikin injin a rayuwarmu suna faruwa ne bisa daidaitaccen daidaitawar motar, kuma ta hanyar rufaffiyar madaidaicin ikon siginar lantarki, mai rikodin tare da inverter shima hanya ce ta halitta don cimma daidaitaccen iko.